Water-cooled transformer



Nov. 20, 1923 1,474,757

R, v. BINGAY WATER COOLED TRANS FORMER Filed Nov. 27. 1920 Patented Nov.2i), 1923.

A"7UNITED."STTES A 1,414,757 PATENT OFFICE.

nosnmzfv. huisnr, or PITTSBURGH, rENNsYLvnNrA, Assiettes 'ro PITTSBURGHTnnnsronnnn comm, A coronerron or rmsrrvnme.

, WATER-conm rtennsronrfrnn.

Application led' November 27, 1320. Serial No. 426,681.

To cll'iohom #my concern:

uBezit lmown that I, Bonnin' V. BINGAY, a=cit1zen of the United States`residing at Pittsburgh, in the count of Allegheny and'- 5 State ofPennsylvanie, ave invente certainlneiv and useful Improvements in Water-Cooled Transformers, ci 'which the follow- *"ing isa specification. 1

Y his invention-relates to electrical apperotuswhichA is :cooled'by thecirculation of a fluid such as oil and particularly to watercooledapperatus such, for instance, as' a f transformer submergdin coolingloil which in turn is cooled 'byweter circulation. The

object of the invention is to provide automatic control means which willregulate the water circulationaccording to the load on' the transformerso as to protect the transformer against en excessive temperature riseendet thestlme time to -evoid waste of the WaterwV" "l In theaccompanying drawinv illustrating V`"fthe inventionlby aepecilic embo'ment thereof acontrol tem is shown by diagram of circuits adapting thesystem for use in connection with n transformer.

In the system shown in the drawings e @transformer tank A containsoil-in which the transformer T is submerged. Cooling coils D and E areprovided surrounding or above thetransformer and ere in the oil; theinner col'D receives its supply of cooling,` water :through the supplypipe rl and the outer coil E receves'e separate surllply of coolingwater e5 through the pipe c. T e respective outlets d, and e, fromthecoilsD andE,ma.yhe connected to a' wasteconduit or have their flows-returned through cooling means to the supply mein M. j

The inner coil D will be suliicient to cool the circulating oil when thetransformer is under ight loads up to 70% for instance of the racapacity; beyond this point addi tionall cooling will be required toprevent the transformer from overheating. In the system of thisinvention the control of the cooling weber is eiected by the variationsm the load .on the transformer so' that the water coolino will chan esimultaneously with the 5o load. In the specific embodiment of theinvention illustrated in the drawings one of the load circuits iscarried in series through the primary of a transformer which suppliescurrent to the solenoid 5 exerting a variable pull upon core 6, the pullbeing proportionate to the load on the transformer. This pull istransmitted to a, rod 7 end is opposed hy a light spring 8 and b v adash pot piston 9 so that onlyT avery slight resistance is exerted'against e gradual movement of the core but a hiher resistance to quickfluctuations? In t iswey the core will be substantiallyunmovable bytemporary load variations but will respond'r'eadily to changes whichpersist. i

The movements of the rod 7 are transerred throu'gh link, 10 to n, bellcrank 11 carrying the contact 12 at its end. Spring 8 will normallypress this bellcrank 11 clockwise holding its arm in lcwerxnost positionorlow load condition of the transformer.

Ast-he load increases tli'e contact 12 will be raised ,und will finallymuke contact with the point 13 of oscillating segment 14.' The linewires 1,5 are su plied from any suitable source of electricity and muy.be the usuel 110 volt supply lines. This contct between 12 handIB wi lestablish a circuit from one of the line wires 1 5, wire ,16 to solenoid17 wire 18, contacts 134 and 12, bell crank llend wire 19 to the otherline wire 15. Current through the solenoid 17 by its core 20 will act todraw the rod 21 to the left opening the valve 22 and simultaneouslyTswinging the segment 14`to the left and breaking the connection betweencontacts 12 and 13'. The opening of valve 22 will connect the water mainM with the supply pipe (l for the cooling coil D of the-transformer andthis valve 22 will remain open until closed as hereinafter explained.spring means .e being provided to hold the segment 14 in either of itsextreme positions.

If the load on the transformer continues to increase the contact 12 willcontinue to rise and will Ainally come in contact with the button 23 'ofoscillating segment 24 establshing a circuit from one line wire 15. wire16, solenoid 27, wire 28, contacts 23, 12, hell cra-nk 11 and wire 19 tothe other line wire 15. Current in the solenoid 27 will drnw its coro 30to the left and through rod 31 open the vulve 32 simultaneously swingingthe segment 24 to its extreme left position and break the connectionbetween contacts 23 and 12. A spring means s' holds the segment 24 inits position and retains valve 32 open until positively closed ashereinafter described. The opening of valve 32 ronneCfS the Weten @ein Mthrough pipe e with cooling coil E of the transformer.

Valves 9.2 and 32 will remain open until contact 12 due to reduction inthe load falls back into contact with the button 33 of swingingscgment`24. which button was positioned in thc path of contact i2 by themovement of the segment to the loft. A connection between contact 12 andbutton 33 will establish a circuit from one line wire 15, through wire16 to the solenoid 37, wire 38 to contacts 33, 12, bell crank 11 andWire 19 to thefother line wire 15 andcurrcnt in this solenoid' will drawon its core 40 to move the rod 31 to ther-ight :und close thc valve 32shutting ofl" the water. circulation through the coil E of thetransformer. The segment 24. will be simultaneously swung to cxtremeright position with button 23 in the path of any upward movement ofcontact 12 and all these parts will remain in this position untilcontact 12 moves over button 23. If the load on the transformerincreases again so as to. bring contacts 12 and 23 together watercirculation through the coil E will be rees tcblished and thus-this coilE may be connected and cut of from the main, dependentuponthodoaichnnges. The cooling coil D will remain connected in. circuitwith the main M-unt-il the load decreases suicent-iy .yto bring contact12 into connection with the contact 4,3 of swinging segment 14 which inits extreme left position brings this button 43 into the path ofmovement of contact 12. Upon connection between contacts 12 and 43v acircuit will, be established from the lines 15 through the .solenoid 47,drawing the rod 21 totherri ht and simultaneously closing the 'valve 2shutting o the circulation through 'coil D and swingingA sefrment 14 tothe. right and all-these paitswil remain in this position until contact12 again rises llto controlling said valves-accordmsf to thoopconiiection with contact 13;

In'the system of this invention variations in. low' loads: may.Arepeatedly establish and cut oit the circulation through coil D withouta'ecting coil-E and similariy higher load variations may bring coil Einto and out of operation while leaving the coil D constantly connectedto the main M; t The turnin on or oi of the water circixlation`in eachcoil is directly responsive to load Yariations. Either coil is broughtinto operation simul. timeously with the load increase so that thecooling ofthe oil begins with or before the and a tank tlieiefon'ofilaiincreased heating effect'. The temperature rise or; thetransformatie-thus .anticipated end lrept within small limts'nnd doesnot attain excessive values-:is for instance where the rater circulationis goveignql by the tenir pointure ofthe oil which lagsbchiud the loadincrease 'and may thus delay the water cooling until long after the loadincrease has dangerously arci-heated the transformer.

l. The combination with :i transformer and a tank therefor, of aplurality of sep# :ii-nte conduits for cooling the transformer havingindependent paths for the cooling medium= and automatic means forsuccesi siijely controlling the flou' of cooling? fluid through saidseparate conduits according to the operative condition of thetransformer.

2. The combination with a transformer and a tank therefor, of aplurality oi's'p- :irate conduits for cooling.r the transformer haringindependent paths for thecooling medium, and automatic means forsuccessively controlling the flow of coolin Huid through said separateconduits accorl ing to the load on the transformer. A

3. The combination.' with a transformer sind a tank therefor. of aplurality. of sep' :irate conduits for cooling the transformer haringindependent paths for the cooling medium, and automatic means forYsuccessvely increasing the How of cooling Huid. lthrough said separateconduits u on increase in load on the t'ransformerandpfor succes' ivlydecreasing thetlow upon decrease iny 4. The combination with o.transformer and a tanktherefor, :of a'plurality of'sep- :irateconcluitsfor cool-ing the transformer' having r independent pathsfthe-'cooling medium, a .valvor foreach 'oi'` said fconduits'*`respcctivelyfoi"opening and closing the' same, and automatic meansfor-successively crntive condition of `the transformer.

5. The combinationwith -a trahsformer plurality of sep-` arate conduitsfor cooling the transformer having independent -pathsforthe' cooling.medium, a valve for each of saidf conduitsi'espect-ii-'elyI-for opening"and closing the same, and automatic meansfor successively openingsaidvalves upon increase in load on the transformer and for successivelyclosing said valves u' on decrease in load. i

i-OBERTV. BINGAY.

